Haptic interface for population of a three-dimensional virtual environment

ABSTRACT

The disclosure provides an approach for populating a virtual environment with objects. In one embodiment, an editing application may track a handheld device using sensor data from a camera, by following an image displayed on the handheld device&#39;s screen. The editing application then updates the position of an object in the virtual environment according to the tracked position of the handheld device. Initially, the handheld device may be placed at a fixed location for calibration purposes, during which the editing application initializes a mapping between the virtual and physical environments. To add an object to the virtual environment, a user may select the object on the handheld device. The user may then place the object at a desired location and orientation in the virtual environment by moving the handheld device in the physical environment.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/528,969, filed Oct. 30, 2014. The aforementioned related patentapplication is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

This disclosure provides techniques for interacting with virtualenvironments. More specifically, embodiments of this disclosure presenta haptic interface for populating three-dimensional virtualenvironments.

Description of the Related Art

Experts typically manipulate objects in three-dimensional (3D) virtualenvironments using mouse gestures and keyboard commands, while workingin different editing modes such as translation, rotation, scaling, andthe like. For example, to move an object in the commercially availableMaya® program, a user may move the view of a particular camera(orthographic or perspective), zoom in on the object, and translate theobject within the camera view. While adequate for professionals, thisform of 3D object manipulation is often difficult to learn andunsuitable for casual users and children, particularly as users arerequired to understand a non-trivial mapping between the space where thephysical device is manipulated and the space of the virtual environment.

Simplified solutions have been proposed to facilitate 3D objectmanipulation by casual users and children. By limiting the user'schoices, such as by forcing predefined positions or orientations, it ispossible to simplify the 3D object manipulation process. However, suchapproaches can limit the expressiveness and depth of what is produced.

SUMMARY

One embodiment of this disclosure provides a computer implemented methodfor populating a virtual environment. The method generally includesreceiving, from a handheld device, a selection of an object to add tothe virtual environment. The method further includes tracking a positionof the handheld device and updating a position of the object in thevirtual environment based on the tracked position of the handhelddevice.

Other embodiments include, without limitation, a computer-readablemedium that includes instructions that enable a processing unit toimplement one or more aspects of the disclosed method as well as asystem configured to implement one or more aspects of the disclosedmethod.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the manner in which the above recited features of the presentdisclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description ofthe disclosure, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference toembodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Itis to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate onlyexemplary embodiments and are therefore not to be considered limiting ofits scope, may admit to other equally effective embodiments.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of manipulating an object in athree-dimensional virtual environment, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 illustrates a system in which an embodiment of this disclosuremay be implemented.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method for populating a virtual environment withobjects, according to an embodiment.

To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have beenused, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common tothe figures. It is contemplated that elements and features of oneembodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments withoutfurther recitation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This disclosure provides techniques for populating a virtual environmentwith objects. In one embodiment, a three-dimensional (3D) virtualenvironment editing application tracks movement of a handheld device inphysical space. Based on the movement, the editing application updates aposition of an object in a 3D virtual environment. As used herein,“position” refers to both location (e.g., (x, y, z) coordinates) andorientation. In one embodiment, the editing application may track thehandheld device using sensor data from a camera, by locking onto andfollowing an image displayed on the handheld device's screen includesusing computer vision algorithms which compute the position of thehandheld device based on the displayed image. In alternativeembodiments, other sensor data may be used. For example, the editingapplication may track near infrared (IR) markers positioned on thehandheld device using sensor data from an IR camera. As another example,sensors (e.g., an accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, etc.) in thehandheld device itself may detect changes in location and orientation ofthe handheld device, and the handheld device may communicate suchchanges to the editing application.

Initially, the handheld device may be placed at a fixed location forcalibration purposes, during which the editing application may locatethe device in the physical environment and initialize a mapping betweenthe virtual and physical environments. To add an object to the 3Dvirtual environment, a user may select the object on the handhelddevice, after which the handheld device communicates the selection tothe editing application. The user may further use gesture inputs on thedevice to scale and otherwise modify the selected object, and thehandheld device similarly communicates these modifications to theediting application. The editing application then adds 3D geometry forthe object at an initial location within the virtual environment, afterwhich the user can re-position the object by moving the handheld devicein the physical environment. As discussed, the editing applicationtracks the handheld device using sensor data from, e.g., ared-green-blue (RGB) or an IR camera used to track an image displayed onthe handheld device or near IR markers on the handheld device,respectively, and/or sensor data from sensors located in the handhelddevice itself. In turn, the editing application updates the location andorientation of the object in the virtual environment based on theposition of the handheld device in the physical environment and themapping between the virtual and physical environments. As a result, theuser can manipulate the object in the 3D virtual environment withmovements of the handheld device, as if the object were being moved inphysical space. The user may place the object at a desired location andorientation in, e.g., a video game level, architectural or productdesign, or the like. One advantage of this approach is that the handhelddevice may be moved on a surface, and the friction from such movementmay permit precise placement of objects.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of manipulating an object in athree-dimensional environment, according to an embodiment. As shown inpanel A, a handheld device 100 communicates a selection of an object 102to a console device 120. In this example, handheld device 100 ispresumed to be a tablet computer. Of course, other embodiments may beadapted for use with a variety of computing devices, including mobilephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), video game devices, wearabledevices, and other computing devices having display screens.

In one embodiment, the handheld device 100 may run a selectedapplication which permits a user to make selections of objects to add toa 3D virtual environment 140 and to make various modifications to theobjects, such as scaling the objects. Illustratively, the handhelddevice 100 includes a touch sensitive display 101. Users may maketouch-based gestures on touch sensitive display 101 to select objects toadd to the 3D virtual environment 140 and to modify the objects. Forexample, the selection application may permit users to make a swipinggesture to scroll through objects, pinch to scale a selected object, andthe like. The selection application may transmit a signal communicatingthe selected object or modification to a 3D virtual environment editingapplication running in the console device 120. Such communication may bevia, e.g., a wireless network and may use any feasible communicationprotocol, such as WiFi or Bluetooth. Alternatively, the selectioncommunication may be via a camera which captures an image displayed onthe display 101 of the handheld device 100 (e.g., an image of theselected or modified object), rather than requiring WiFi or a separatecommunication channel.

The console device 120 may be a computer system or video game consoleexecuting the editing application and sending a video signal to adisplay 130 for displaying a rendering of the 3D virtual environment140, including objects (e.g., object 141) added to the virtualenvironment 140. As discussed, console device 120 communicates with thehandheld device 100 regarding objects that are selected for addition tothe virtual environment 140 and modifications to those objects. Inaddition, console device 120 communications with a sensor device 110,which provides camera and/or other sensory inputs to console device 120.In one embodiment, the sensor device 110 may include an RGB camera thatcaptures visible light. In another embodiment, the sensor device 110 mayinclude an infrared camera that captures infrared light. In yet anotherembodiment, the sensor device 110 may include one or more sensors forcapturing depth information. In a particular embodiment, the sensordevice 110 may be a Microsoft Kinect® or similar device.

In operation, the editing application running in the console device 120receives selections and modifications to objects via the handheld device100, as well as sensor data from the sensor device 110 and/or thehandheld device 100 itself. The editing application may be configured totrack movement of the handheld device 100 based on the sensor data. Inresponse, the editing application repositions the selected object in the3D virtual environment 140 according to the movement of the handhelddevice 100. Note, although the editing application is discussed hereinprimarily as an application running in the console device 120,operations described as being performed by the editing application mayinstead be performed by another component. For example, the sensordevice 110 may include an application that tracks movement of thehandheld device 100, and in such a case, the editing application runningin the console 120 may communicate what to track to the trackingapplication running in the sensor device, which communicates the resultsof the tracking back to the editing application.

In one embodiment, the editing application may receive data captured byan RGB camera in the sensor device 110 and, in such a case, the editingapplication may track movement of the handheld device 100 by identifyingan image displayed on the display screen 101 of the handheld device 100during a calibration phase. Once discovered, the console 120 trackschanges in the position of that image on the display screen of thehandheld device 100. For example, the editing application may lock ontoand follow an image of the selected object 102 displayed on the displayscreen 101 using computer vision algorithms which compute the positionof the handheld device based on the image displayed on the displayscreen. As the object 102 that is selected is communicated to theediting application, the editing application is aware of the selectedobject 102 and may track the image of the selected object 102 displayedon the display screen 101. Alternatively, the editing application maytrack a single predefined image, such as a generic image, as opposed tothe image of the selected object 102. Well-known techniques may beadapted to determine location and orientation of the tracked image inspace based on, among other things, the shape and size of the displayedimage as it appears in the image or video captured by the RGB camera.Location and orientation of the handheld device 100 may be inferred fromthis result. In embodiments where the editing application tracks asingle predefined image, an application running in the handheld device100 may, either automatically or in response to manual input, cause thedisplay screen 101 to display the predefined image when the handhelddevice 100 is moved.

In other embodiments, the editing application may track movement of thehandheld device 100 using other sensor data. For example, near IRmarkers such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) may be placed on thehandheld device 100, and the sensor device 110 may include an IR camerawhich captures IR radiation, particularly IR radiation emitted by the IRmarkers. In such a case, the editing application may receive IRradiation data from the sensor device 110 and track the IR markers todetermine location and orientation of the handheld device 100. Asanother example, the handheld device 100 may include sensors (e.g., anaccelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, etc.) which detect changes inlocation and orientation of the handheld device and communicate suchchanges to the editing application.

After determining the location and orientation of the handheld device100, the editing application may relocate and/or reposition the object141 in the 3D virtual environment 140, based on the location andorientation of the handheld device 100. For example, panel B shows thehandheld device 100 being moved to the right. In response to thismovement, the object 141 on the display 130 is moved to the right in the3D virtual environment 140 by a corresponding amount. As discussed ingreater detail below, the amount by which the object 141 moves in thevirtual environment in response to movement of the handheld device 100may be determined using a mapping between the physical and virtualenvironments. And the mapping is obtained during a calibration phase inwhich the handheld device 100 is positioned at a fixed location. As thefull 3D position of the handheld device 100 in space can be recovered,the object 141 may generally be moved to any location and orientation inthe 3D virtual environment. In one embodiment, the object 141 may besnapped to a plane or other surface in the 3D virtual environment sothat, e.g., buildings are placed on terrains rather than in the air.

In another embodiment, the editing application may generate an augmentedreality (AR) image or video using the determined location andorientation of the handheld device 100. As used herein, augmentedreality generally refers to enhancing an image or video withcomputer-generated input. For example, the editing application mayreceive an image or video of the physical room or area in which the userwith the handheld device 100 is located, as well as depth informationfor the room or area. Depth information may be captured using one ormore sensors. For example, the commercially available Kinect® uses aninfrared projector in conjunction with a monochrome CMOS (complimentarymetal-oxide semiconductor) sensor to capture depth information. Usingthe determined location and orientation of the handheld device 100 andthe depth information, the editing application may overlay an object(e.g., the selected object 102) on the image or video so that objectappears in the image or video and has location and orientationcorresponding to the handheld device 100.

FIG. 2 illustrates a system 200 in which an aspect of this disclosuremay be implemented. As shown, the system 200 includes the handhelddevice 100, the sensor device 110, the console device 120, and thedisplay 130, discussed above. Illustratively, the handheld device 100includes, without limitation, a central processing unit (CPU) orgraphics processing unit (GPU) 205, a touch sensitive display 101, anetwork interface 215 connecting the system to a network, aninterconnect 217, a memory 220, and storage 230. As discussed, thehandheld device 100 may be a tablet computer, a mobile phone, a PDA, avideo game device, a wearable device, and the like.

The CPU/GPU 205 retrieves and executes programming instructions storedin the memory 220. The interconnect 217 facilitates transmission, suchas of programming instructions and application data, between the CPU/GPU205, touch sensitive display 101, storage 230, network interface 215,and memory 220. CPU/GPU 205 is included to be representative of a singleCPU/GPU, multiple CPUs/GPU, a single CPU/GPU having multiple processingcores, and the like. And the memory 220 is generally included to berepresentative of a random access memory. The storage 230 may be a diskdrive storage device. Although shown as a single unit, the storage 230may be a combination of fixed and/or removable storage devices, such asmagnetic disk drives, flash drives, removable memory cards or opticalstorage, network attached storage (NAS), or a storage area-network(SAN). Further, handheld device 100 is included to be representative ofa physical computing system as well as virtual machine instances hostedon a set of underlying physical computing systems. Further still,although shown as a single computing system, one of ordinary skill inthe art will recognized that the components of the handheld device 100shown in FIG. 2 may be distributed across multiple computing systemsconnected by a data communications network.

As shown, the memory 220 includes an operating system 221 and aselection application 222. The operating system 221 may be any mobileoperating system, such as Android®. The selection application 222 isconfigured to receive selections of objects and modifications to objectsmade using, e.g., touch-based gestures on the display 21, and to displayimages 231 of the object themselves and/or other images. Further theselection application 222 may communicate the selected objects andmodifications to a 3D virtual environment editing application 310running in the console device 120.

As shown, the console device 120 also includes a CPU/GPU 250, a networkinterface 260, an interconnect 270, a memory 280, and a storage 290,which are similar to the CPU/GPU 205, network interface 215,interconnect 217, memory 225, and data storage 230 discussed above anddescriptions of which will not be repeated for conciseness. The consoledevice 120 is in communication with both the handheld device 100 and thesensor device 110. In particular, a 3D virtual environment editingapplication 282 running in the console device 120 is configured toreceive selections of objects and modifications thereto, as well assensor data from one or more sensors (the RGB camera 241, IR camera 242,or other sensors 243) in the sensor device 110. In turn, the editingapplication 282 is configured to detect movement of the handheld device100, by locking onto and following an image displayed on the touch baseddisplay 210 of the handheld device 100, near IR markers placed on thehandheld device 100, or the like. The editing application 282 is furtherconfigured to update a position of the selected object (or objects)based on the detected movement. In another embodiment, the editingapplication 282 may be configured to generate an AR image or video whichoverlays object(s) onto an RGB image or video based on the detectedlocation and orientation of the handheld device and a depth mapassociated with the ordinary image or video.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 for populating a virtual environmentwith objects, according to an embodiment. As shown, the method 300begins at step 310, where the editing application receives sensor dataduring an initial calibration phase. During this phase, a user may placethe handheld device at a fixed location. A sensor, such as an RGB or IRcamera, then captures visible or IR light in its view, respectively,including light from the handheld device.

At step 320, the editing application initializes a mapping between thephysical and virtual environment. That is, using the sensor datareceived at step 310, the editing application determines atransformation between a coordinate system of the physical space and thevirtual environment space. The transformation, or mapping, may then beused to determine the size and orientation of movement in the virtualenvironment that is to be made in response to a corresponding movementof the handheld device in the physical space.

At step 330, the editing application receives a selection of an objectto add to the virtual environment. In one embodiment, the selection ofthe object to add is made on the handheld device using touch-basedgestures on a display screen of the handheld device. The handheld devicecommunicates such a selection to a console on which the editingapplication runs via a wireless network, or by any other feasible means,such as via an image of the object displayed on the handheld device thatis captured by a camera and transmitted to the editing application. Inaddition to selecting the object itself, the user may also be permittedto scale or otherwise modify the object (e.g., changing a color orrendering property of the object). Touch-based gestures (e.g., pinchingto scale) may also be provided for selecting such modifications, and thehandheld device may communicate modification selections to the consoleby the same means.

At step 340, the editing application receives sensor data as the objectis being placed. Similar to the calibration phase, the sensor data mayinclude visible or infrared light data captured by an RGB or infraredcamera, respectively. In one embodiment, the sensor data may alsoinclude data from one or more sensors configured to capture depthinformation for generating depth maps of the physical environment. Asdiscussed, the commercially available Kinect® uses an infrared projectorin conjunction with a monochrome CMOS sensor to capture depthinformation.

At step 350, the editing application tracks movement of the handhelddevice based on the received sensor data. In response, the editingapplication updates location and orientation of the object in thevirtual environment. In one embodiment, the sensor data may includevisible light data, and the editing application may track the movementof an image displayed on the screen of the handheld device. Suchtracking may include using computer vision algorithms to compute thelocation and orientation of the handheld device based on the imagedisplayed on the screen. Well-known techniques may be adapted todetermine location and orientation of the tracked image in space basedon, e.g., the shape and size of the displayed image as it appears in theimage or video captured by the RGB camera.

In one embodiment, the image displayed on the handheld device may be asingle, predefined image that is always used for tracking movement ofthe handheld device. In such a case, the handheld device may switch tothat image when the handheld device is moved to reposition the object inthe 3D virtual environment. Alternatively, more than one image may beused to track movement of the handheld device. For example, the editingapplication may track an image depicting the object being added that isdisplayed on the display screen of the handheld device. In such a case,the image that is tracked may change as the selected object changes, andthe handheld device may communicate the image to track to the editingapplication (if the editing application is not already aware of theimage).

In alternative embodiments, other sensor data, e.g., data for capturedIR radiation emitted by IR markers on the handheld device or datacaptured by sensors in the handheld device itself, may be used to trackmovement of the handheld device. In such a case, the editing applicationmay, e.g., track movement of the IR markers using computer visionalgorithms or use captured data from the sensors in the handheld deviceto determine location and orientation of the handheld device.

At step 360, the editing application receives a command to place theobject at a current location and orientation. When the user haspositioned the object at a desired location and orientation in the 3Dspace, the user may indicate to place the object in the 3D environmentat that position (e.g., by pressing a key or via a touch-based gesture).In turn, the handheld device may transmit a signal to place the objectat the current position to the console device. Responsive to such asignal, the editing application places the object in the virtualenvironment at the current location and orientation (step 370). Asdiscussed, the object may generally be moved to any location andorientation in the 3D virtual environment by corresponding movements ofthe handheld device. In one embodiment, however, the editing applicationmay snap the object to a plane or other surface in the 3D virtualenvironment so that, e.g., buildings are placed on terrains rather thanin the air.

Advantageously, techniques disclosed herein provide an intuitiveinterface for users to add objects to virtual environments. An editingapplication creates a one-to-one mapping of a handheld device to itsvirtual counterpart, the object to be added. To move or rotate theobject, the user can simply move or rotate the handheld device. This isa natural interaction and does not require the user to understand anon-trivial mapping between the space where the handheld device islocated and the virtual space in the virtual environment, as required byprevious techniques. Further, the handheld device may be moved on asurface, and the friction from such a movement permits precise placementof objects.

The preceding description references aspects of the disclosure. However,it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to specificdescribed aspects. Instead, any combination of the preceding featuresand elements, whether related to different aspects or not, iscontemplated to implement and practice the disclosure. Furthermore,although aspects of the disclosure may achieve advantages over otherpossible solutions and/or over the prior art, whether or not aparticular advantage is achieved by a given aspect is not limiting ofthe disclosure. Thus, the preceding aspects, features, and advantagesare merely illustrative and are not considered elements or limitationsof the appended claims except where explicitly recited in a claim(s).Likewise, reference to “the disclosure” shall not be construed as ageneralization of any inventive subject matter disclosed herein andshall not be considered to be an element or limitation of the appendedclaims except where explicitly recited in a claim(s).

Aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied as a system, method orcomputer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosuremay take the form of an entirely hardware aspect, an entirely softwareaspect (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or anaspect combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally bereferred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore,aspects of the present disclosure may take the form of a computerprogram product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s)having computer readable program code embodied thereon.

Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may beutilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signalmedium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readablestorage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic,magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system,apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Morespecific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readablestorage medium would include the following: an electrical connectionhaving one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, arandom access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber,a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storagedevice, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storagemedium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a programfor use by or in connection with an instruction execution system,apparatus or device.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality and operation of possible implementations ofsystems, methods and computer program products according to variousaspects of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment or portionof code, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. Each block of the block diagrams and/orflowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the blockdiagrams and/or flowchart illustrations can be implemented byspecial-purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware andcomputer instructions.

While the foregoing is directed to aspects of the present disclosure,other and further aspects of the disclosure may be devised withoutdeparting from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof isdetermined by the claims that follow.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method of using a handhelddevice in a physical environment to manipulate an object in a virtualenvironment, the computer-implemented method comprising: receiving oneor more image frames captured by a camera; tracking movement of thehandheld device in the physical environment, by operation of one or morecomputer processors and by determining a location and an orientation ofa predefined image displayed on the handheld device, wherein thelocation and orientation are determined in each of the received imageframes and based on one or more computer vision algorithms, wherein thehandheld device is switched from not displaying the predefined image, todisplaying the predefined image, when movement of the handheld device isto be tracked; and updating a location and orientation of the object inthe virtual environment based on the tracked movement of the handhelddevice and based further on a mapping between the handheld device in thephysical environment and the object in the virtual environment,whereafter an indication of the object having the updated location andorientation is output.
 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,wherein the one or more image frames comprise a first one or more imageframes, wherein the computer-implemented method further comprisesdetermining the mapping based on at least a location and orientation ofthe predefined image in a second one or more image frames captured bythe camera while the handheld device is stationary.
 3. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving,from the handheld device, a selection of the object to add to thevirtual environment; and adding the object to the virtual environmentresponsive to the received selection of the object.
 4. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving,from the handheld device, a signal to place the object at a currentlocation and orientation in the virtual environment, wherein the currentlocation and orientation are different from the determined location andorientation; and placing the object at the current location andorientation responsive to the received signal.
 5. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more imageframes depict the physical environment, wherein the computer-implementedmethod further comprises: receiving a depth map of the physicalenvironment; and adding, to the one or more image frames depicting thephysical environment, a depiction of the object based on at least theupdated location and orientation of the object.
 6. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the handheld device isone of a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a video game device, and a wearable device. 7.The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or moreimage frames are of the physical environment, wherein the virtualenvironment comprises an augmented reality environment, wherein theindication comprises a depicting of the object, wherein thecomputer-implemented method further comprises: receiving a depth map ofthe physical environment; receiving, from the handheld device, aselection of the object to add to the augmented reality environment; andadding, to the one or more images of the physical environment, thedepiction of the object based on the updated location and orientation ofthe object.
 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein thereceiving, tracking, and updating are performed by a console device incommunication with the camera, wherein the movement of the handhelddevice is on top of a surface, wherein the computer-implemented methodfurther comprises: receiving, from the handheld device, a signal toplace the object at a current location and orientation in the virtualenvironment, wherein the current location and orientation are differentfrom the determined location and orientation; and placing the object atthe current location and orientation responsive to the received signal.9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the one or moreimage frames comprise a first one or more image frames, wherein thehandheld device is, in respective instances, a mobile phone, a tabletcomputer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a videogame device, and a wearable device, wherein the computer-implementedmethod further comprises: determining the mapping based on a locationand an orientation of the predefined image in a second one or more imageframes captured by the camera while the handheld device is stationary;and snapping a position of the object to a plane in the virtualenvironment.
 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein thelocation and orientation of the object in the virtual environment isupdated by a three-dimensional (3D) virtual environment editingapplication, wherein the computer-implemented method further comprises:modifying one or more characteristics of the object in the virtualenvironment in response to receiving a touch-based gesture on a screenof the handheld device.
 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10,wherein the movement of the handheld device is tracked based further onone or more near infrared (IR) markers positioned on the handhelddevice; wherein the movement of the handheld device is tracked basedfurther on one or more sensors in the handheld device, the one or moresensors including an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a magnetometer. 12.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program, executableto perform operations for using a handheld device in a physicalenvironment to manipulate an object in a virtual environment, theoperations comprising: receiving one or more image frames captured by acamera; tracking movement of the handheld device in the physicalenvironment, by operation of one or more computer processors and bydetermining a location and an orientation of a predefined imagedisplayed on the handheld device, wherein the location and orientationare determined in each of the received image frames and based on one ormore computer vision algorithms, wherein the handheld device is switchedfrom not displaying the predefined image, to displaying the predefinedimage, when movement of the handheld device is to be tracked; andupdating a location and orientation of the object in the virtualenvironment based on at least the tracked movement of the handhelddevice and based further on a mapping between the handheld device in thephysical environment and the object in the virtual environment,whereafter an indication of the object having the updated location andorientation is output.
 13. The non-transitory computer-readable mediumof claim 12, wherein the one or more image frames comprise a first oneor more image frames, the operations further comprising determining themapping based on at least a location and orientation of the predefinedimage in a second one or more image frames captured by the camera whilethe handheld device is stationary.
 14. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising:receiving, from the handheld device, a selection of the object to add tothe virtual environment; and adding the object to the virtualenvironment responsive to receiving the received selection of theobject.
 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, theoperations further comprising: receiving, from the handheld device, asignal to place the object at a current location and orientation in thevirtual environment, wherein the current location and orientation aredifferent from the determined location and orientation; and placing theobject at the current location and orientation responsive to thereceived signal.
 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 12, wherein the one or more image frames depict the physicalenvironment, the operations further comprising: receiving a depth map ofthe physical environment; and adding, to the one or more image framesdepicting the physical environment, a depiction of the object based onat least the updated location and orientation of the object.
 17. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein thehandheld device is one of a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptopcomputer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a video game device, and awearable device.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 12, the operations further comprising snapping a position of theobject to a plane in the virtual environment.
 19. A system of using ahandheld device in a physical environment to manipulate an object in avirtual environment, the system comprising: one or more computerprocessors; and a memory, wherein the memory includes an applicationprogram executable by the one or more computer processors to performoperations comprising: receiving one or more image frames captured by acamera, tracking movement of the handheld device in the physicalenvironment by determining a location and an orientation of a predefinedimage displayed on the handheld device, wherein the location andorientation are determined in each of the received image frames andbased on one or more computer vision algorithms, wherein the handhelddevice is switched from not displaying the predefined image, todisplaying the predefined image, when movement of the handheld device isto be tracked, and updating a location and orientation of the object inthe virtual environment based on the tracked movement of the handhelddevice and based further on a mapping between the handheld device in thephysical environment and the object in the virtual environment,whereafter an indication of the object having the updated location andorientation is output.
 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the one ormore image frames comprise a first one or more image frames, theoperations further comprising determining the mapping based on at leasta location and orientation of the predefined image in a second one ormore image frames captured by the camera while the handheld device isstationary.